RWZoneSimple

Module:  Essential Tools Module   Group:  Internationalization Classes

RWZoneSimpleRWZone

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• Synopsis
• Description
• Persistence
• Examples
• Constructors
• struct RWDaylightRule
• struct RWDaylight-Boundary

Members

begin_ end_ firstYear_

minute_ month_ next_

observed_ RWDaylightBoundary RWDaylightRule

RWZoneSimple() weekday_ week_

#include <time.h>
#include <rw/zone.h>
RWZoneSimple myZone(RWZone::USCentral);

RWZoneSimple is an implementation of the abstract interface defined by class RWZone. It implements a simple Daylight Saving Time rule sufficient to represent all historical U.S. conventions and many European and Asian conventions. It is table-driven and depends on parameters given by the struct RWDaylightRule, which is discussed later in this class.

Daylight saving-time rules are volatile, often reflecting geographical and political changes. In some cases, the hard-coded table-driven struct RWDaylightRule does not accurately reflect the locale installed on your machine. RWZone::os() creates a new RWZoneSimple containing the daylight rule discovered from the underlying operating system. The onus of correctness for this DST rule is on the operating system itself.

In many cases, you may want more explicit control of the DST rule for the intended RWZoneSimple. If so, you can build a DST rule with arbitrary begin and end times (see the RWDaylightRule below), and provide it as a parameter to RWZoneSimple.

Direct use of RWDaylightRule affords the most general interface to RWZoneSimple. However, a much simpler programmatic interface is offered, as illustrated by the examples below.

Three instances of RWZoneSimple are automatically constructed at program startup, to represent GMT, Standard, and local time. They are available via calls to the static member functions RWZone::utc(), RWZone::standard(), and RWZone::local(), respectively.

These member functions are set up according to the time zone facilities provided in the execution environment (typically defined by the environment variable TZ). By default, if DST is observed at all, then the local zone instance will use U.S. (RWZone::NoAm) Daylight Saving Time rules.

Note for developers outside North America: for some time zones this default will not be correct because these time zones rely on the C standard global variable _daylight. This variable is set whenever any alternate time zone rule is available, whether it represents Daylight Saving Time or not. Also the periods of history affected by Daylight Saving Time may be different in your time zone from those in North America, causing the North American rule to be erroneously invoked. The best way to ensure that these default time zones are correct is to construct an RWZoneSimple using an appropriate RWDaylightRule and initialize RWZone::local() and RWZone::std() with this value.

Other instances of RWZoneSimple may be constructed to represent other time zones, and may be installed globally using RWZone static member functions RWZone::local(const RWZone*) and RWZone::standard(const RWZone*).

None

To install US Central time as your global "local" time use:

RWZone::local(new RWZoneSimple(RWZone::USCentral));

To install the underlying operating system's Daylight Saving Time rule as your global "local" time use:

RWZone::local(&RWZone::os() );

To install Hawaiian time (where Daylight Saving Time is not observed), use:

RWZone::local(new RWZoneSimple(RWZone::Hawaii,
              RWZone::NoDST));

Likewise for Japan, use:

RWZone::local(new RWZoneSimple(RWZone::Japan, RWZone::NoDST));

For France:

RWZone::local(new RWZoneSimple(RWZone::Europe, RWZone::WeEu));

RWZone has predefined values for the RWZone::DstRule rules:

Here are the rules used internally for the NoAm, WeEu, and OfficialEU values of RWZone::DstRule. First, here are the rules for the NoAm value:

// last Sun in Apr to last in Oct:
     const RWDaylightRule usRuleAuld =
     { 0, 0000, 1, { 3, 4, 0, 120 }, { 9, 4, 0, 120 } };
// first Sun in Apr to last in Oct
     const RWDaylightRule usRule67 =
     { &usRuleAuld, 1967, 1, { 3, 0, 0, 120 }, { 9, 4, 0, 120 } };
// first Sun in Jan to last in Oct:
     const RWDaylightRule usRule74 =
     { &usRule67, 1974, 1, { 0, 0, 0, 120 }, { 9, 4, 0, 120 } };
// last Sun in Feb to last in Oct
     const RWDaylightRule usRule75 =
    { &usRule74, 1975, 1, { 1, 4, 0, 120 }, { 9, 4, 0, 120 } };
// last Sun in Apr to last in Oct
     const RWDaylightRule usRule76 =
     { &usRule75, 1976, 1, { 3, 4, 0, 120 }, { 9, 4, 0, 120 } };
// first Sun in Apr to last in Oct
     const RWDaylightRule usRuleLate =
     { &usRule76, 1987, 1, { 3, 0, 0, 120 }, { 9, 4, 0, 120 } };

And here are the rules for the WeEu value:

// last Sun in March (2am) to last in September
     static RWDaylightRule euRuleAuld =
     { 0, 0000, 1, { 2, 4, 0, 120 }, { 8, 4, 0, 120 } };
// last Sun in March (1am) to last in Oct
     static RWDaylightRule euRuleLate =
     { &euRuleAuld, 1998, 1, { 2, 4, 0, 60 }, { 9, 4, 0, 60 } };

And here are the rules for the OfficialEU value:

// Last Sun in March (2am) to last in Sept
     static RWDaylightRule euOfficialRuleAuld =
     { 0, 0000, 1, { 2, 4, 0, 120 }, { 8, 4, 0, 120 } };
// Last Sun in March (2am) to last in Oct
     static RWDaylightRule euOfficialRuleLate1996 =
     { &euOfficialRuleAuld, 1996, 1, { 2, 4, 0, 120 }, { 9, 4, 0, 180 } };

Given these definitions,

RWZone::local(new RWZoneSimple(RWZone::USCentral,
              RWZone::NoAm));

is equivalent to the first example given above and repeated here:

RWZone::local(new RWZoneSimple(RWZone::USCentral));

Daylight Saving Time systems that cannot be represented with RWDaylightRule and RWZoneSimple must be modeled by deriving from RWZone and implementing its virtual functions.

For example, under Britain's Summer Time rules, alternate timekeeping begins the morning after the third Saturday in April, unless that is Easter (in which case it begins the week before) or unless the Council decides on some other time for that year. In some years Summer Time has been two hours ahead, or has extended through winter without a break. British Summer Time clearly deserves an RWZone class all its own.

RWZoneSimple(RWZone::StdZone zone, 
             RWZone::DstRule = RWZone::NoAm);

Constructs an RWZoneSimple instance using internally held RWDaylightRules. This is the simplest interface to RWZoneSimple. The first argument is the time zone for which an RWZoneSimple is to be constructed. The second argument is the Daylight Saving Time rule which is to be followed.

RWZoneSimple(const RWDaylightRule* rule,
             long tzoff,  const RWCString& tzname,
             long altoff, const RWCString& altname);

Constructs an RWZoneSimple instance which Daylight Saving Time is computed according to the rule specified. Variables tzoff and tzname are the offset from GMT (in seconds, positive if west of 0 degrees longitude) and the name of standard time. Arguments altoff and altname are the offset (typically equal to tzoff - 3600) and name when Daylight Saving Time is in effect. If rule is zero, Daylight Saving Time is not observed.

RWZoneSimple(long tzoff, const RWCString& tzname);

Constructs an RWZoneSimple instance in which Daylight Saving Time is not observed. Argument tzoff is the offset from GMT (in seconds, positive if west of 0 degrees longitude) and tzname is the name of the zone.

RWZoneSimple(RWZone::StdZone zone, 
             const RWDaylightRule* rule); 

Constructs an RWZoneSimple instance in which offsets and names are specified by the StdZone argument. Daylight Saving Time is computed according to the rule argument, if non-zero; otherwise, DST is not observed.

The RWDaylightRule struct passed to RWZoneSimple's constructor can be a single rule for all years or can be the head of a chain of rules going backwards in time.

RWDaylightRule is a struct with no constructors. It can be initialized with the syntax used in the Examples section above. The data members of this structure are as follows:

struct RWExport RWDaylightRule {
  RWDaylightRule const* next_;
  short firstYear_;
  char observed_;
  RWDaylightBoundary begin_; 
  RWDaylightBoundary end_;
}

RWDaylightRule const*
next_;

Points to the next rule in a chain which continues backwards in time.

short
firstYear_;

Four digit representation of the year in which this rule first goes into effect.

char
observed_;

A boolean value that can be used to specify a period of years for which Daylight Saving Time is not observed.

1 = Daylight Saving Time is in effect during this period

0 = Daylight Saving Time is not in effect during this period

(Note that these are numeric values as distinguished from '1' and '0'.)

RWDaylightBoundary
begin_;

This structure indicates the time of year, to the minute, when DST begins during this period. (See RWDaylightBoundary below.)

RWDaylightBoundary
end_;

This structure indicates the time of year, to the minute, when standard time resumes during this period. (See RWDaylightBoundary below.)

struct RWExport RWDaylightBoundary {
  // this struct uses <time.h> struct tm conventions:
  int month_;    // [0..11]
  int week_;     // [0..4], or -1
  int weekday_;  // [0..6], 0=Sunday; or, [1..31] if week_== -1
  int minute_;   // [0..1439]  (Usually 2 AM, = 120)
};

int
month_;

The month from (0 - 11), where 0 = January.

int
week_;

A week of the month from (0 - 4), or -1 if the following field is to represent a day within the month.

int
weekday_;

A day of the week from (0 - 6), where 0 = Sunday, or, if the week_ field is -1, a day of the month from (1 - 31).

int
minute_;

Minutes after 12:00 AM, from (0 - 1439). For example, 120 = 2 AM.

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