RWLocale Class Reference
[Internationalization]

Defines an interface that formats the conversion of strings to and from dates and times. More...

#include <rw/locale.h>

Inheritance diagram for RWLocale:

List of all members.

Public Types
enum	CurrSymbol { NONE, LOCAL, INTL }
Public Member Functions
virtual const RWCString &	locale_name () const =0
virtual RWCString	asString (long i) const =0
virtual RWCString	asString (unsigned long i) const =0
virtual RWCString	asString (double f, int precision=6, bool showpoint=0) const =0
virtual RWCString	asString (long double val, int precision=10, bool showpoint=0) const =0
virtual RWCString	asString (const struct tm *tmbuf, char format, const RWZone &zone=RWZone::local()) const =0
RWCString	asString (const struct tm *tmbuf, const char *format, const RWZone &zone=RWZone::local()) const
virtual RWCString	moneyAsString (double value, RWLocale::CurrSymbol sym=LOCAL) const =0
virtual bool	stringToNum (const RWCString &str, double *fp) const =0
virtual bool	stringToNum (const RWCString &str, long *ip) const =0
virtual bool	stringToNum (const RWCString &str, unsigned long *ip) const =0
virtual bool	stringToDate (const RWCString &str, struct tm *tmbuf) const =0
virtual bool	stringToTime (const RWCString &str, struct tm *tmbuf) const =0
virtual bool	stringToMoney (const RWCString &str, double *d, RWLocale::CurrSymbol=LOCAL) const =0
virtual int	monthIndex (const RWCString &str) const =0
virtual int	weekdayIndex (const RWCString &str) const =0
const RWLocale *	imbue (std::ios &stream) const
Static Public Member Functions
static const RWLocale &	global ()
static const RWLocale *	global (const RWLocale *loc)
static const RWLocale *	defaultLocale ()
static const RWLocale *	unimbue (std::ios &stream)
static const RWLocale &	of (std::ios &stream)

---

Detailed Description

RWLocale is an abstract base class. It defines an interface that formats the conversion of strings to and from dates and times. It formats dates (including day and month names), times, currency, and numbers (including digit grouping).

Note that because it is an abstract base class, there is no way to actually enforce these goals -- the description here is merely the model of how a class derived from RWLocale should act.

There are three ways to use an RWLocale object:

• By passing the object to functions which expect one, such as RWDate::asString().
• By specifying a "global" locale using the static member function RWLocale::global(const RWLocale*). This locale is passed as the default argument to functions that use a locale.
• By "imbuing" a stream with the object, so that when an RWDateTime, RWDate or RWTime is written to a stream using operator<<(), the appropriate formatting is automatically used.

The library provides two main implementations of RWLocale. These subclasses each allow more than one locale to be active at a time, and they also support conversion from strings to other types. They include:

• Class RWAnsiLocale which encapsulates the Standard C++ Library locale, std::locale.
• Class RWLocaleSnapshot which encapsulates the Standard C Library locale facility.

Synopsis

 #include <locale.h>
 #include <rw/locale.h>
 (Abstract base class)

Persistence

None

---

Member Enumeration Documentation

enum RWLocale::CurrSymbol

Controls how to format currency, specifying whether to use no currency symbol, the local currency symbol (such as $), or the international currency symbol (such as USD).

Enumerator:

NONE	No currency symbol.
LOCAL	Local currency symbol.
INTL	International currency symbol.

---

Member Function Documentation

RWCString RWLocale::asString	(	const struct tm *	tmbuf,
		const char *	format,
		const RWZone &	zone = RWZone::local()
	)			const

Converts components of tmbuf to a string, according to the format string format. Each format character in the format string must be preceded by %. Any characters not preceded by % are treated as ordinary characters which are returned unchanged. You may represent the special character % with %%. The meanings assigned to the format character are identical to those used in the C99 function strftime(). The members of tmbuf should be set consistently. See Table 18 for a summary of strftime() formatting characters. This function is not virtual in order to maintain link-compatibility with the previous version of the library.

Reimplemented in RWAnsiLocale, and RWLocaleSnapshot.

virtual RWCString RWLocale::asString	(	const struct tm *	tmbuf,
		char	format,
		const RWZone &	zone = RWZone::local()
	)			const [pure virtual]

Converts components of tmbuf to a string, according to the format character format. The meanings assigned to the format character are identical to those used in the C99 function strftime(). The members of tmbuf should be set consistently.

Table 18: The following table contains examples of formatting characters used by the C99 version of strftime(). For any format that does not use all members of the struct tm, only those members that are actually used are noted [in brackets]

Format character	Meaning
%a	Replaced by the locale's abbreviated weekday name [from tm::tm_wday]
%A	Replaced by the locale's full weekday name [from tm::tm_wday]
%b	Replaced by the locale's abbreviated month name
%B	Replaced by the locale's full month name.
%c	Replaced by the locale's appropriate date and time representation. (See the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003 1-2001, <time.h>.)
%C	Replaced by the year divided by 100 and truncated to an integer, as a decimal number [00,99]
%d	Replaced by the day of the month as a decimal number [01,31]
%D	Equivalent to %m/%d/%y
%e	Replaced by the day of the month as a decimal number [1,3]; a single digit is preceded by a space
%F	Equivalent to %Y-%m-%d (the ISO 8601:2000 standard date format)
%g	Replaced by the last 2 digits of the week-based year (see below) as a decimal number [00,99]
%G	Replaced by the week-based year (see below) as a decimal number (for example, 1977)
%h	Equivalent to %b
%H	Replaced by the hour (24-hour clock) as a decimal number [00,23]
%I	Replaced by the hour (12-hour clock) as a decimal number [01,12]
%j	Replaced by the day of the year as a decimal number [001,366]
%m	Replaced by the month as a decimal number [01,12]
%M	Replaced by the minute as a decimal number [00,59]
%n	Replaced by a newline character
%p	Replaced by the locale's equivalent of either a.m. or p.m.
%r	Replaced by the time in a. m. and p. m. notation; in the POSIX ocale this is equivalent to %I:%M:%S %p
%R	Replaced by the time in 24-hour notation (%H:%M)
%S	Replaced by the second as a decimal number [00,60]
%t	Replaced by a tab character
%T	Replaced by the time (%H:%M:%S)
%u	Replaced by the weekday as a decimal number [1,7], with 1 representing Monday
%U	Replaced by the week number of the year as a decimal number [00,53] The first Sunday of January is the first day of week 1; days in the new year before this are in week 0.
%V	Replaced by the week number of the year (Monday as the first day of the week) as a decimal number [01,53]. If the week containing 1 January has four or more days in the new year, then it is considered week 1. Otherwise, it is the last week of the previous year, and the next week is week 1. Both January 4th and the first Thursday of January are always in week 1.
%w	Replaced by the weekday as a decimal number [0,6], with 0 representing Sunday
%W	Replaced by the week number of the year as a decimal number [00,53]. The first Monday of January is the first day of week 1; days in the new year before this are in week 0.
%x	Replaced by the locale's appropriate date representation. (See the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003 1-2001, <time.h>.)
%X	Replaced by the locale's appropriate time representation. (See the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003 1-2001, <time.h>.)
%y	Replaced by the last two digits of the year as a decimal number [00,99]
%Y	Replaced by the year as a decimal number (for example, 1997)
%z	Replaced by the offset from UTC in the ISO 8601:2000 standard format (+hhmm or -hhmm), or by no characters if no timezone is determinable. For example, -0430 means 4 hours 30 minutes behind UTC (west of Greenwich).
%Z	Replaced by the timezone name or abbreviation, or by no bytes if no timezone information exists.
%%	Replaced by %

Implemented in RWAnsiLocale, and RWLocaleSnapshot.

virtual RWCString RWLocale::asString	(	long double	val,
		int	precision = 10,
		bool	showpoint = 0
	)			const [pure virtual]

Converts the value of val to a string. The variable precision is the number of digits to place after the decimal separator. If showpoint is true, the decimal separator appears regardless of the precision.

Implemented in RWAnsiLocale, and RWLocaleSnapshot.

virtual RWCString RWLocale::asString	(	double	f,
		int	precision = 6,
		bool	showpoint = 0
	)			const [pure virtual]

Converts the double f to a string. The variable precision is the number of digits to place after the decimal separator. If showpoint is true, the decimal separator appears regardless of the precision.

Implemented in RWAnsiLocale, and RWLocaleSnapshot.

virtual RWCString RWLocale::asString

(

unsigned long

i

)

const [pure virtual]

Converts the number i to a string (for example, "3,456").

Implemented in RWAnsiLocale, and RWLocaleSnapshot.

virtual RWCString RWLocale::asString

(

long

i

)

const [pure virtual]

Converts the number i to a string (for example, "3,456").

Implemented in RWAnsiLocale, and RWLocaleSnapshot.

static const RWLocale* RWLocale::defaultLocale

(

)

[static]

Returns a pointer to a new instance of RWLocaleSnapshot("C").

static const RWLocale* RWLocale::global

(

const RWLocale *

loc

)

[static]

Sets the global "default" locale object to loc, returning the old object. This object is used by RWDateTime, RWDate and RWTime string conversion functions as a default locale. It is initially set to refer to an instance of a class that provides the functionality of RWLocaleSnapshot("C").

static const RWLocale& RWLocale::global

(

)

[static]

Returns a reference to the present global "default" locale.

const RWLocale* RWLocale::imbue

(

std::ios &

stream

)

const

Replaces the locale installed in stream with the current locale and returns the old locale.

virtual const RWCString& RWLocale::locale_name

(

)

const [pure virtual]

Returns the name of the encapsulated locale.

Implemented in RWAnsiLocale, and RWLocaleSnapshot.

virtual RWCString RWLocale::moneyAsString	(	double	value,
		RWLocale::CurrSymbol	sym = LOCAL
	)			const [pure virtual]

Returns a string containing the value argument formatted according to monetary conventions for the locale. The value argument should contain an integer representing the number of units of currency (for example, moneyAsString(1000., RWLocale::LOCAL) in a US locale would yield "$10.00"). The sym argument determines which currency symbol to use.

Implemented in RWAnsiLocale, and RWLocaleSnapshot.

virtual int RWLocale::monthIndex

(

const RWCString &

str

)

const [pure virtual]

Interprets its argument as a full or abbreviated month name, returning values 1 through 12 to represent (respectively) January through December, or 0 for an error. Ignores leading white space.

Implemented in RWAnsiLocale, and RWLocaleSnapshot.

static const RWLocale& RWLocale::of

(

std::ios &

stream

)

[static]

Returns the locale installed in stream by a previous call to RWLocale::imbue(); if no locale was installed, returns the result from RWLocale::global().

virtual bool RWLocale::stringToDate	(	const RWCString &	str,
		struct tm *	tmbuf
	)			const [pure virtual]

Interprets the RWCString as a date, and extracts the month, day, and year components to tmbuf. It returns true for a valid date, otherwise false. If it returns false, then tmbuf is untouched; otherwise it sets the tm_mday, tm_mon, and tm_year members. The date entered is expected to be in the format indicated by the current locale (%x). If that is not the case, the algorithm attempts to detect the different parts of the date string.

Note:

This function cannot reject all invalid date strings.

The following are examples of parseable date strings in an English-speaking locale:

 "Jan 9, 62"     "1/9/62"     "January 9 1962"
 "09Jan62"       "010962"

Implemented in RWAnsiLocale, and RWLocaleSnapshot.

virtual bool RWLocale::stringToMoney	(	const RWCString &	str,
		double *	d,
		RWLocale::CurrSymbol	= LOCAL
	)			const [pure virtual]

Interprets the RWCString argument as a monetary value. The currency symbol, if any, is ignored. Negative values may be specified by the negation symbol or by enclosing parentheses. Digit group separators are optional; if present they are checked. Returns true for a valid monetary value, false for an error. If it returns false, then the double* argument is untouched; otherwise it is set to the integral number of monetary units entered (for example, cents in a U.S. locale).

Implemented in RWAnsiLocale, and RWLocaleSnapshot.

virtual bool RWLocale::stringToNum	(	const RWCString &	str,
		unsigned long *	ip
	)			const [pure virtual]

Interprets the RWCString argument as an integer. Allows spaces before and after the (optional) sign, and at the end. Allows digit group separators. Returns true for a valid integer, false for an error. If it returns false, then the long* argument is untouched. All valid numeric strings are accepted; all others are rejected.

Note:

If you are using the C locale (likely the default for English-speaking programmers), you must omit commas as thousands separators because these numbers may be rejected. This is true even in a locale where English is the dominant language.

Implemented in RWAnsiLocale, and RWLocaleSnapshot.

virtual bool RWLocale::stringToNum	(	const RWCString &	str,
		long *	ip
	)			const [pure virtual]

Interprets the RWCString argument as an integer. Spaces are allowed before and after the (optional) sign, and at the end. Digit group separators are allowed. Returns true for a valid integer, false for an error. If it returns false, then the long* argument is untouched. All valid numeric strings are accepted; all others are rejected. The following are examples of valid integral strings in an English-speaking locale:

 "1"           " -02. "     "+ 1,234"
 "1234545"     "1,234,567"

Implemented in RWAnsiLocale, and RWLocaleSnapshot.

virtual bool RWLocale::stringToNum	(	const RWCString &	str,
		double *	fp
	)			const [pure virtual]

Interprets the RWCString argument as a floating point number. Spaces are allowed before and after the (optional) sign, and at the end. Digit group separators are allowed in the integer portion. Returns true for a valid number, false for an error. If it returns false, then the double* argument is untouched. All valid numeric strings are accepted; all others are rejected. The following are examples of valid numeric strings in an English-speaking locale:

 "1"          " -02. "     ".3"
 "1234.56"    "1e10"       "+ 19,876.2E+20"

Implemented in RWAnsiLocale, and RWLocaleSnapshot.

virtual bool RWLocale::stringToTime	(	const RWCString &	str,
		struct tm *	tmbuf
	)			const [pure virtual]

Interprets str as a time, with hour, minute, and optional second. The time string is expected to be formatted according to the locale's %X format specifier. If that is not the case, the algorithm attempts to detect the different parts of the time string. If the hour is in the range [1..12], the local equivalent of "AM" or "PM" is allowed. Returns true for a valid time string, false for an error. If it returns false, then tmbuf is untouched; otherwise it sets the tm_hour, tm_min, and tm_sec members.

Note:

This function cannot reject all invalid time strings. The following are examples of valid time strings in an English-speaking locale:

 "1:10 AM"     "13:45:30"     "12.30.45pm"
 "PM 3:15"     "1430"

Implemented in RWAnsiLocale, and RWLocaleSnapshot.

static const RWLocale* RWLocale::unimbue

(

std::ios &

stream

)

[static]

Removes the locale that was installed in stream by a previous call to RWLocale::imbue(). If no locale was previously installed, returns the result of RWLocale::global().

virtual int RWLocale::weekdayIndex

(

const RWCString &

str

)

const [pure virtual]

Interprets its argument as a full or abbreviated weekday name, returning values 1 through 7 to represent (respectively) Monday through Sunday, or 0 for an error.

Implemented in RWAnsiLocale, and RWLocaleSnapshot.